Enhancing the biological control potential of Steinernema feltiae with protection from desiccation and UV radiation

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate parasites of insects. EPNs generally have a broad host range, easily mass reared, and can kill some insects within 48 h. safe for vertebrates, plants, other non-target organisms. However, disadvantages that make them less effective against foliar insect pests such as sensitivity to desiccation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high temperatures. The goal this research was improve the efficacy aboveground application Steinernema feltiae by protecting desiccation UV radiation. objectives were evaluate effect chemical protectants on S. viability demonstrate enhanced control with formulated protect radiation desiccation. protectant chemicals P-amino benzoic acid (PABA), octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), Congo red, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide not toxic mealworm larvae nor EPNs. PABA, OMC, protected Infective Juveniles (IJ) exposed light 0, 4, 8 12 hrs. After hrs exposure, PABA afforded greatest protection compared chemicals. OMC provided second individually combined Barricade® fire gel, desiccant protectant, IJs added mixture. full spectra in laboratory up before introduction host. subsequent number dead filter paper or detached leaves combination treatments + Barricade lowest water controls demonstrating feltiae. survival be when applied IJ these allows greater infection mortality target pests. formulation will allow use management